# -*- coding: latin-1 -*-
"""
farquharwheat.paramters
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The module :mod:`farquharwheat.parameters` defines the constant parameters.
"""
# -- Version of the photosynthesis sub model
SurfacicProteins = True #: If True, surfacic proteins used to regulate photosynthesis ; if not total N
NSC_Retroinhibition = True #: If True, NSC (Non-Structural Carbohydrates) downregulate photosynthesis
prim_scale = False #: If True, photosynthesis calculated at primitive scale, if not at organ scale
if not SurfacicProteins:
# Used in Barillot et al. (2016) and Gauthier et al. (2020)
# Dependence to surfacic_nitrogen including structural nitrogen
# -- Nitrogen dependance of photosynthetic parameters (derived from Braune et al. (2009) and Evers et al. (2010):
# * S_surfacic_nitrogen: slope of the relation between surfacic_nitrogen and the parameter
# * alpha: mol e- m2 mol-1 photon g-1 N
# * Vc_max25: µmol CO2 g-1 N s-1
# * Jmax25: µmol e- g-1 N s-1
# * TPU25: µmol CO2 g-1 N s-1
# * Rdark25: µmol CO2 g-1 N s-1
# * surfacic_nitrogen_min: minimum amount of nitrogen below which photosynthesis rate is zero (g (N) m-2)
# * beta: intercept parameter of the relation between alpha and surfacic_nitrogen (mol e- mol-1 photons)
# * delta1 and delta2: parameters of m (scaling factor of gs) dependance to surfacic_nitrogen (m2 g-1 and dimensionless, respectively)
PARAM_N = {'S_surfacic_nitrogen': {'Vc_max25': 84.965, 'Jmax25': 117.6, 'alpha': 0.0413, 'TPU25': 9.25, 'Rdark25': 0.493},
'surfacic_nitrogen_min': {'Vc_max25': 0.17, 'Jmax25': 0.17, 'TPU25': 0.229, 'Rdark25': 0.118}, 'beta': 0.2101, 'delta1': 14.7, 'delta2': -0.548}
NA_0 = 2 # Initial value of surfacic_nitrogen (g m-2), used if no surfacic_nitrogen is provided by user
Psurf_to_SLNnonstruct = 1.06 #: Conversion factor from surfacic protein content to non-structural SLN (estimation from NEMA and Ljutovac simulations)
else:
# Used in Gauthier et al. (2021)
# Dependence to surfacic_nitrogen without structural nitrogen
# -- Nitrogen dependance of photosynthetic parameters (derived from Braune et al. (2009) and Evers et al. (2010):
# * S_surfacic_nitrogen: slope of the relation between surfacic_nitrogen and the parameter
# * alpha: mol e- m2 mol-1 photon g-1 N
# * Vc_max25: µmol CO2 g-1 N s-1
# * Jmax25: µmol e- g-1 N s-1
# * TPU25: µmol CO2 g-1 N s-1
# * Rdark25: µmol CO2 g-1 N s-1
# * surfacic_nitrogen_min: minimum amount of nitrogen below which photosynthesis rate is zero (g (N) m-2)
# * beta: intercept parameter of the relation between alpha and surfacic_nitrogen (mol e- mol-1 photons)
# * delta1 and delta2: parameters of m (scaling factor of gs) dependance to surfacic_nitrogen (m2 g-1 and dimensionless, respectively)
PARAM_N = {'S_surfacic_nitrogen': {'Vc_max25': 84.965, 'Jmax25': 117.6, 'alpha': 0.0413, 'TPU25': 9.25, 'Rdark25': 0.493},
'surfacic_nitrogen_min': {'Vc_max25': 0., 'Jmax25': 0., 'TPU25': 0., 'Rdark25': 0.}, 'beta': 0.2101 + 0.0083, 'delta1': 14.7, 'delta2': -0.548}
NA_0 = 2 # Initial value of surfacic_nitrogen (g m-2), used if no surfacic_nitrogen is provided by user
Psurf_to_SLNnonstruct = 1.06 #: Conversion factor from surfacic protein content to non-structural SLN (estimation from NEMA and Ljutovac simulations)
# -- Molecular weights
MM_WATER = 18 # Molar mass of water (g mol-1)
N_MOLAR_MASS = 14 # Molar mass of nitrogen (g mol-1)
# -- Physical parameter
A = 2.5 # Attenuation coefficient of wind within a wheat canopy. From Campbell and Norman (1998), 2nd edition. Can also be estimated by: A = sqrt((0.2*LAI*h)/sqrt((4*width*h)/(pi*LAI))
GAMMA = 66E-3 # Psychrometric constant (KPa K-1). Mean value
I0 = 1370 # Extraterrestrial solar radiation (W m-2)
K = 0.40 # Von Kármán's constant (dimensionless)
LAMBDA = 2260E3 # Latent heat for vaporisation of water (J kg-1)
RHOCP = 1256 # Volumetric heat capacity of air (J m-3 K-1)
SIGMA = 5.6704E-8 # Stefan-Bolzmann constant (W-2 K-4)
ZR = 2 # Height above canopy at which reference wind (Ur) is measured (m)
s_A = 239 # Factor in the calculation of the Saturation vapour pressure
s_B = 17.4 # Factor in the calculation of the Saturation vapour pressure
s_C = 0.611 # Factor in the calculation of the Saturation vapour pressure
s_expo = 2 # exponent in the calculation of the Saturation vapour pressure
R = 8.3144 # Gas constant (J mol-1 K-1)
KELVIN_DEGREE = 273.15 #: Conversion factor from degree C to Kelvin
PATM = 1.01325E5 # Atmospheric pressure (Pa)
Ur_min = 0.1 # Minimum wind speed (m s-1) TODO: Temporary patch to avoid div 0 error
Zh_d = 0.7 # estimation factor canopy heigh into Zero plane displacement height
Zh_Zo = 0.1 # estimation factor canopy heigh into roughness length
rhb_blade_A = 154 # factor in Boundary layer resistance to heat calculation for blade
rhb_other_A = 1.2E-5 # factor A in Boundary layer resistance to heat calculation for other organs than blades
rhb_other_B = 1.5E-5 # factor B in Boundary layer resistance to heat calculation for other organs than blades
rhb_other_C = 0.47 # factor C in Boundary layer resistance to heat calculation for other organs than blades
ra_expo = 2 # exponent in calculation of Turbulence resistance to heat
PARa_to_RGa = 1.53 # Used to convert PAR absorbed into RG absorbed (see details in notice entitiled "Notes sur le calcul du rayonnement net à partir du PAR absorbé")
Watt_to_PPFD = 4.55 # It is assumed that 1 W m-2 of PAR is equivalent to 4.55 µmol m-2 s-1 of PAR (Goudriaan and Laar, 1994)
rbh_rbw = 0.96 # estimation factor Boundary layer resistance for water from Boundary layer resistance to heat
# -- Photosynthetic parameter
O2 = 21000 # Intercellular O2 concentration, µmol mol(air)-1 or Pa, from Bernacchi et al. (2001)
KC25 = 404 # Affinity constant of RuBisCO for C, µmol mol-1 or Pa, from Bernacchi et al. (2001) (estimation in Braune et al. (2009) not enough accurate)
KO25 = 278.4E3 # Affinity constant of RuBisCO for O2, µmol mol-1 or Pa, from Bernacchi et al. (2001) (estimation in Braune et al. (2009) not enough accurate)
GAMMA25 = 39 # CO2 compensation point, µmol(CO2) mol-1 (air), from Braune et al. (2009)
THETA = 0.72 # curvature parameter of J, dimensionless
EFFICENCY_STEM = 0.78
J_expo = 2 # exponent in calculation of the Electron transport rate (Muller et al. (2005), Evers et al. (2010))
J_A = 4 # factor A in calculation of the Electron transport rate (Muller et al. (2005), Evers et al. (2010))
J_B = 2 # factor B in calculation of the Electron transport rate (Muller et al. (2005), Evers et al. (2010))
Aj_A = 4 # parameter in the calculation of the Rate of assimilation under RuBP regeneration limitation
Aj_B = 8 # parameter in the calculation of the Rate of assimilation under RuBP regeneration limitation
Vomax_A = 0.5 # parameter in the calculation of the Maximum rate of Vo
Ap_A = 3 # parameter in the calculation of the Rate of assimilation under TPU limitation
Rd_A = 0.33 # parameter A in the calculation of the Rd
Rd_B = 0.5 # parameter B in the calculation of the Rd
Rd_C = 15 # parameter C in the calculation of the Rd
Ci_init_ratio = 0.7
# -- Stomatal conductance parameter
GSMIN = 0.05 # Minimum gsw, measured in the dark (mol m-2 s-1). Braune et al. (2009).
GB = 3.5 # Boundary layer conductance to water vapour (mol m-2 s-1). Muller et al., (2005)
K_Cs = 1.37 # factor in CO2 concentration at organ surface. From Prieto et al. (2012).
gsw_gs_CO2 = 1.6 # conversion factor from gsw into gs_CO2
Ci_A = 1.37 # factor in Ci calculation. Comes from (1.6)^(2/3)
# -- Temperature dependance of photosynthetic parameters (parameter values derived from Braune et al. (2009) except for Kc, Ko, and Rdark (Bernacchi et al., 2001))
# * deltaHa, deltaHd: enthalpie of activation and deactivation respectively (kJ mol-1)
# * deltaS: entropy term (kJ mol-1 K-1)
# * Tref: reference temperature (K)
PARAM_TEMP = {'deltaHa': {'Vc_max': 89.7, 'Jmax': 48.9, 'TPU': 47., 'Kc': 79.43, 'Ko': 36.38, 'Gamma': 35., 'Rdark': 46.39},
'deltaHd': {'Vc_max': 149.3, 'Jmax': 152.3, 'TPU': 152.3},
'deltaS': {'Vc_max': 0.486, 'Jmax': 0.495, 'TPU': 0.495}, 'Tref': 298.15}
DELTA_CONVERGENCE = 0.01 #: The relative delta for Ci and Ts convergence.
# -- Inhibition of the photosynthesis by carbohydrates (from Azcon-Bieto 1983)
WSC_min = 100000 # Surfacic WSC content above which inhibition of the photosynthesis by WSC occures (µmol C m-2)
Inhibition_max = 1 # Maximum inhibition ratio
K_Inhibition = 938000 # 'Affinity' coefficient for the inhibition of the photosynthesis by WSC (µmol C m-2)
[docs]
class ElementDefaultProperties(object):
"""
Properties by default for the elements. Used in FarquharWheat facade.
"""
def __init__(self):
self.PARa = 0
self.PARa_prim = [] #: For calculations at primitive scale
self.area_prim = 0 #: For calculations at primitive scale
self.nitrates = 0
self.proteins = 0
self.Nstruct = 0
self.sucrose = 0
self.fructan = 0
self.starch = 0
self.green_area = 0
[docs]
class AxisDefaultProperties(object):
"""
Properties by default for the axis. Used in FarquharWheat facade.
"""
def __init__(self):
self.height_canopy = 0.78
